> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://www.headlesslaw.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://www.headlesslaw.com/psd2/articles/31.md).

# Article 31 — Reasons and communication

*In force · Consolidated version of 17 January 2025 · Checked against EUR-Lex on 8 Oct 2026 ·* [*Official source*](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02015L2366-20250117)

1. Any measure taken by the competent authorities pursuant to [Article 23](/psd2/articles/23.md), [28](/psd2/articles/28.md), [29](/psd2/articles/29.md) or [30](/psd2/articles/30.md) involving penalties or restrictions on the exercise of the freedom to provide services or the freedom of establishment shall be properly justified and communicated to the payment institution concerned.
2. [Articles 28](/psd2/articles/28.md), [29](/psd2/articles/29.md) and [30](/psd2/articles/30.md) shall be without prejudice to the obligation of competent authorities under Directive (EU) 2015/849 and Regulation (EU) 2015/847, in particular under Article 48(1) of Directive (EU) 2015/849 and Article 22(1) of Regulation (EU) 2015/847, to supervise or monitor the compliance with the requirements laid down in those instruments.

***

[Title II — Payment service providers](/psd2/titles/ii.md) · [← Article 30](/psd2/articles/30.md) · [Article 32 →](/psd2/articles/32.md)