> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://www.headlesslaw.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://www.headlesslaw.com/headlesslaw.md). # headlesslaw EU regulation as published in the Official Journal: one page per article, with the Level 2 and Level 3 instruments that implement it. ![headlesslaw](https://1354549594-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FlMRE8IoY3bEt2gZ8cNUY%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-725170ebf1ef00cf803da68ebf54814c8c6c8286%2Fheadlesslaw-social-preview.png?alt=media) headlesslaw reproduces the text of EU regulations and directives word for word from EUR-Lex, one page per article, together with the Commission acts and the guidance of the EU authorities that implement them. Every page names the official version it reproduces and links to it. The site adds no commentary and no interpretation. ### What is covered Fourteen acts in four groups, plus the defined terms of each act. | Group | Act | Articles | Official text | | -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | -------: | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Finance and crypto | [MiCA](/mica.md) | 150 | [Regulation (EU) 2023/1114](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R1114-20240109) | | Finance and crypto | [ToFR](https://www.headlesslaw.com/tofr) | 40 | [Regulation (EU) 2023/1113](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1113/oj/eng) | | Finance and crypto | [MiFID II](https://www.headlesslaw.com/mifid-ii) | 108 | [Directive 2014/65/EU](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02014L0065-20260606) | | Finance and crypto | [MiFIR](https://www.headlesslaw.com/mifir) | 95 | [Regulation (EU) No 600/2014](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02014R0600-20251123) | | Finance and crypto | [MAR](https://www.headlesslaw.com/mar) | 42 | [Regulation (EU) No 596/2014](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02014R0596-20260605) | | Finance and crypto | [AMLR](https://www.headlesslaw.com/amlr) | 90 | [Regulation (EU) 2024/1624](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024R1624) | | Resilience and cyber | [DORA](https://www.headlesslaw.com/dora) | 64 | [Regulation (EU) 2022/2554](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2554/oj/eng) | | Resilience and cyber | [NIS2](https://www.headlesslaw.com/nis2) | 46 | [Directive (EU) 2022/2555](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02022L2555-20221227) | | Resilience and cyber | [CRA](https://www.headlesslaw.com/cra) | 71 | [Regulation (EU) 2024/2847](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R2847-20241120) | | Data and privacy | [GDPR](https://www.headlesslaw.com/gdpr) | 99 | [Regulation (EU) 2016/679](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02016R0679-20160504) | | Data and privacy | [ePrivacy](https://www.headlesslaw.com/eprivacy) | 23 | [Directive 2002/58/EC](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02002L0058-20091219) | | Data and privacy | [Data Act](https://www.headlesslaw.com/data-act) | 50 | [Regulation (EU) 2023/2854](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R2854) | | Platforms and AI | [DSA](https://www.headlesslaw.com/dsa) | 93 | [Regulation (EU) 2022/2065](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022R2065) | | Platforms and AI | [AI Act](https://www.headlesslaw.com/ai-act) | 119 | [Regulation (EU) 2024/1689](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727) | Article counts include articles that later amendments deleted; their pages say so and name the amending act. The [Definitions](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions) section holds one page per defined term, quoted from the article that defines it. Each act has up to three layers: * **Level 1** is the act itself: recitals, articles and annexes. * **Level 2** holds the Commission's delegated and implementing acts adopted under it, including regulatory and implementing technical standards, and final drafts not yet adopted. * **Level 3** holds guidance from EU authorities such as ESMA, the EBA, the EDPB, ENISA and the Commission: guidelines, Q\&A, opinions, statements and reports. Final reports and consultation papers that precede an adopted instrument sit under **Process**. Coverage of Level 2 and Level 3 differs from act to act. Each act's page lists what is held for it. National implementing law is not included. ### How to use it * **Browse.** Each act's page lists its titles or chapters with their articles. Every article page shows its chapter and links to the previous and the next article. * **Cite.** Every article has one permanent address: the act, `articles`, the article number. Article 3 of MiCA is [/mica/articles/3](/mica/articles/3.md); Article 5 of the GDPR is [/gdpr/articles/5](https://www.headlesslaw.com/gdpr/articles/5). * **Search.** The search box covers all fourteen acts, their definitions and their Level 2 and Level 3 material. * **Use it from software.** [llms.txt](https://www.headlesslaw.com/llms.txt) indexes the site for language models. Adding `.md` to any page address returns the page as Markdown. An MCP server for AI assistants answers at `https://www.headlesslaw.com/~gitbook/mcp`; with Claude Code: `claude mcp add headlesslaw --transport http https://www.headlesslaw.com/~gitbook/mcp`. ### How current it is The line under each page title gives its status, the version of the text it reproduces, and a link to that version on EUR-Lex. Where our copy has been compared word for word with the EUR-Lex text of that version, the line also gives the date of the comparison. The comparison runs again every week. If EUR-Lex publishes a newer version, or a page stops matching, the line reads "Update pending" until the page is rebuilt from the official text. ### What it is not It is not legal advice. It is not an official publication: only the electronic edition of the Official Journal of the European Union is authentic and produces legal effects ([Council Regulation (EU) No 216/2013, Article 1(2)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2013/216/oj/eng)). ### Contact Jacob Senftinger, on [X](https://x.com/jakesenftinger) and [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/jacobsenftinger/). --- # Agent Instructions This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. Learn more at gitbook.com. ## Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter, and the optional `goal` query parameter: ``` GET https://www.headlesslaw.com/headlesslaw.md?ask=&goal= ``` `ask` is the immediate question: it should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. `goal` is optional and describes the broader end goal you are ultimately trying to accomplish on behalf of the user. GitBook uses it to tailor the answer towards what is most useful for that goal. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.