Article 33 — Monitoring

1.Member States shall require competent authorities to monitor effectively and to take the measures necessary to ensure compliance with this Regulation and encourage, through effective mechanisms, the reporting of breaches of the provisions of this Regulation to competent authorities.

2.By 31 December 2026, and every three years thereafter, the Commission shall submit a report to the European Parliament and to the Council on the application of Chapter VI, with particular regard to cross-border cases.