{"release":{"id":"2d86bd12ba77a288053b34ea2517324b92d03c8039b7f5d156fa4002421384a1","published":"2026-11-10T16:06:46Z","pinned":false},"limits":{"coverage":{"history":"full","held_since":"2023-06-09","gaps":[],"covered":["ToFR L1"],"not_covered":["national guidance","court decisions"]},"freshness":{"release_id":"2d86bd12ba77a288053b34ea2517324b92d03c8039b7f5d156fa4002421384a1","release_published":"2026-11-10T16:06:46Z","checked_at":null,"checked_against":null},"truncation":{"shown":7,"total":7,"capped":false,"cap":1000,"next_cursor":null},"failures":[],"incomplete":[]},"page":{"path":"/tofr/articles/28","url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/tofr/articles/28","title":"Article 28 — Administrative sanctions and measures","work_id":"tofr","date_state":"past","as_of":"2023-06-09","relations_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/tofr/articles/28/relations"},"as_of":"2023-06-09","counts":{"refers_to:out":4,"uses_term:out":3},"relations":[{"edge_id":"617dfe174881d0fa006c","scope":"unit","type":"refers_to","direction":"out","resolution":"resolved","basis":"explicit_legal_cross_reference","method":"extracted_relationships","confidence":"medium","src_from":"2023-06-09","src_until":null,"span":"Article 29","dst_raw":"eu.tofr.article.29","other":{"work_id":"tofr","level":"L1","locator":"tofr/art/29","url":"/tofr/articles/29","title":"Specific provisions","key":"29","state_on_date":"in_force"},"evidence":{"object":"eu.tofr.legal_text.article.28","source_block_id":"eu.tofr.article.28.paragraph.5"}},{"edge_id":"7a45299087638ea7aaf7","scope":"unit","type":"uses_term","direction":"out","resolution":"resolved","basis":"curated_link_pass","method":"extracted_relationships","confidence":"high","src_from":"2023-06-09","src_until":null,"span":"payment service providers","dst_raw":"eu.tofr.definition.payment-service-provider","other":{"work_id":"tofr","level":"L1","locator":"tofr/art/3/para/5","url":"/definitions/tofr/payment-service-provider","title":"Definitions","key":"3(5)","state_on_date":"in_force"},"evidence":{"object":"eu.tofr.legal_text.article.28","source_block_id":"eu.tofr.article.28.paragraph.2"}},{"edge_id":"93ca30b928ec62ccca54","scope":"unit","type":"uses_term","direction":"out","resolution":"resolved","basis":"curated_link_pass","method":"extracted_relationships","confidence":"high","src_from":"2023-06-09","src_until":null,"span":"crypto-asset service providers","dst_raw":"eu.tofr.definition.crypto-asset-service-provider","other":{"work_id":"tofr","level":"L1","locator":"tofr/art/3/para/15","url":"/definitions/tofr/crypto-asset-service-provider","title":"Definitions","key":"3(15)","state_on_date":"in_force"},"evidence":{"object":"eu.tofr.legal_text.article.28","source_block_id":"eu.tofr.article.28.paragraph.2"}},{"edge_id":"66060d8ce145a8ce4a2c","scope":"unit","type":"refers_to","direction":"out","resolution":"external","basis":"explicit_legal_cross_reference","method":"extracted_relationships","confidence":"medium","src_from":"2023-06-09","src_until":null,"span":"Article 58(4)","dst_raw":"Directive (EU) 2015/849","other":null,"evidence":{"object":"eu.tofr.legal_text.article.28","source_block_id":"eu.tofr.article.28.paragraph.4","target_act":"Directive (EU) 2015/849","target_celex":"32015L0849"}},{"edge_id":"6d8bc977b373d5267f8b","scope":"unit","type":"refers_to","direction":"out","resolution":"resolved","basis":"explicit_legal_cross_reference","method":"extracted_relationships","confidence":"medium","src_from":"2023-06-09","src_until":null,"span":"Article 29","dst_raw":"eu.tofr.article.29","other":{"work_id":"tofr","level":"L1","locator":"tofr/art/29","url":"/tofr/articles/29","title":"Specific provisions","key":"29","state_on_date":"in_force"},"evidence":{"object":"eu.tofr.legal_text.article.28","source_block_id":"eu.tofr.article.28.paragraph.6"}},{"edge_id":"426b8de3bb50fde0a95e","scope":"unit","type":"refers_to","direction":"out","resolution":"external","basis":"explicit_legal_cross_reference","method":"extracted_relationships","confidence":"medium","src_from":"2023-06-09","src_until":null,"span":"Article 9a(7)","dst_raw":"Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010","other":null,"evidence":{"object":"eu.tofr.legal_text.article.28","source_block_id":"eu.tofr.article.28.paragraph.3","target_act":"Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010","target_celex":"32010R1093"}},{"edge_id":"73727a4c1428acb57dd0","scope":"unit","type":"uses_term","direction":"out","resolution":"resolved","basis":"curated_link_pass","method":"extracted_relationships","confidence":"high","src_from":"2023-06-09","src_until":null,"span":"terrorist financing","dst_raw":"eu.tofr.definition.terrorist-financing","other":{"work_id":"tofr","level":"L1","locator":"tofr/art/3/para/1","url":"/definitions/tofr/terrorist-financing","title":"Definitions","key":"3(1)","state_on_date":"in_force"},"evidence":{"object":"eu.tofr.legal_text.article.28","source_block_id":"eu.tofr.article.28.paragraph.3"}}],"not_served":["exempts","derogates_from"],"note":"inverse edges are computed from the stored direction; floating targets are resolved on as_of (other.state_on_date)"}