{"release":{"id":"a4f2a0495fe55b47323883f82977a9b34ab66171ec9623e39925d3a7045b6c81","published":"2026-11-01T16:41:30Z","pinned":false},"limits":{"coverage":{"history":"current_only","held_since":"2018-10-26","gaps":[],"covered":["EBA Q&A 2018_4033 — Q&A — Criteria for the application of the transaction risk [Final Q&A] L3"],"not_covered":["national guidance","court decisions"]},"freshness":{"release_id":"a4f2a0495fe55b47323883f82977a9b34ab66171ec9623e39925d3a7045b6c81","release_published":"2026-11-01T16:41:30Z","checked_at":"2026-10-26","checked_against":"the EBA publication"},"truncation":null,"failures":[],"incomplete":[]},"page":{"path":"/psd2/level-3/q-and-a/eba/eba-qa-2018-4033-criteria-for-the-application-of-the-transaction-risk","url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/psd2/level-3/q-and-a/eba/eba-qa-2018-4033-criteria-for-the-application-of-the-transaction-risk","title":"EBA Q&A 2018_4033 — Q&A — Criteria for the application of the transaction risk [Final 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by the EBA, published in its Q&A tool · not legislation · published 26 Oct 2018 [Final Q&A]","attribution":{"prepared_by":"EBA","published_by":"EBA","published_in":"EBA Single Rulebook Q&A tool","document_type":"qa_answer","legal_nature":"not_legislation","addressees":"not stated in the document","dates":{"published_on":"2018-10-26","question_submitted_on":"2018-06-28","locators":{"published_on":"EBA Q&A register entry 2018_4033, field 'Final publishing date'","question_submitted_on":"EBA Q&A register entry 2018_4033, field 'Submission date'"}},"adoption":null}},"provenance":{"official_url":"https://www.eba.europa.eu/single-rule-book-qa/qna/view/publicId/2018_4033","check":{"result":"matched","checked_at":"2026-10-26","against":"the EBA publication"},"repo_path":"spaces/psd2/level-3/q-and-a/eba/eba-qa-2018-4033-criteria-for-the-application-of-the-transaction-risk.md","body_sha256":"e1c92e6bd6a2945c9c53a250da9024f73289f3ce2261bd2bc32465bd86092008"},"units":[],"markdown":"---\ntitle: \"EBA Q&A 2018_4033 — Q&A — Criteria for the application of the transaction risk [Final Q&A]\"\nshortTitle: \"EBA Q&A 2018_4033 — Q&A — Criteria for the application of the transaction risk [Final Q&A]\"\nanswer_id: EBA_QA_2018_4033\nstatus: \"Final Q&A\"\ntype: qa\ninstrument_type: qa\nauthority: EBA\nbinding: false\nbinding_character: non_binding\nlegal_status: in_force\nregulation: \"PSD2\"\npsd2_level3: true\nmica_level2: false\nlegal_basis: \"Article 97 PSD2\"\ndate: 26 October 2018\nsource_link: https://www.eba.europa.eu/single-rule-book-qa/qna/view/publicId/2018_4033\nlifecycle: \"Final Q&A\"\ntext_version: \"EBA Q&A register, 26 October 2018\"\nsource_url: \"https://www.eba.europa.eu/single-rule-book-qa/qna/view/publicId/2018_4033\"\ncheck_status: matched\nverified: true\nlast_checked: 2026-10-26\nchecked_against: \"the EBA publication\"\nsource:\n  prepared_by: \"EBA\"\n  published_by: \"EBA\"\n  published_in: \"EBA Single Rulebook Q&A tool\"\n  evidence:\n    prepared_by: \"Answer prepared by the EBA.\"\n    locator: \"EBA Q&A register entry 2018_4033, field 'Answer prepared by'\"\ndocument_type: \"qa_answer\"\nlegal_nature: \"not_legislation\"\naddressees: \"not stated in the document\"\ndates:\n  published_on: \"2018-10-26\"\n  question_submitted_on: \"2018-06-28\"\n  locators:\n    published_on: \"EBA Q&A register entry 2018_4033, field 'Final publishing date'\"\n    question_submitted_on: \"EBA Q&A register entry 2018_4033, field 'Submission date'\"\nlifecycle_label: \"Final Q&A\"\n---\n\n**Answer by the EBA, published in its Q&A tool · not legislation · published 26 Oct 2018 [Final Q&A]**\n\n*Final Q&A · EBA Q&A register, 26 October 2018 · Checked against the EBA publication on 26 Oct 2026 · [Official source](https://www.eba.europa.eu/single-rule-book-qa/qna/view/publicId/2018_4033)*\n\n| | |\n|---|---|\n| **Full title** | EBA Q&A 2018_4033 — Q&A — Criteria for the application of the transaction risk \\[Final Q&A\\] |\n| **Prepared by** | EBA |\n| **Published by** | EBA, in the EBA Single Rulebook Q&A tool |\n| **Reference** | EBA_QA_2018_4033 |\n| **Document type** | Q&A |\n| **Legal nature** | Not legislation |\n| **Addressees** | Not stated in the document |\n| **Dates** | Published 26 October 2018; question submitted 28 June 2018 |\n| **Legal basis** | Article 97 PSD2 |\n| **Related instruments** | None recorded |\n| **Text on this page** | Word for word — the full text of the EBA publication |\n\n**Criteria for the application of the transaction risk analysis (TRA) exemption – Application of the TRA exemption at the level of individual brand, product or scheme**\n\n### Question\n\nMay a PSP calculate its fraud rate at the level of individual brand, product or scheme?\n\n### Background\n\nThe RTS do not specify whether a PSP may calculate its fraud rate at the level of individual brand, product or scheme.\n\nFraud rates may significantly vary on the basis of which brand, product or scheme is taken into account.\n\nA sensible approach would be for PSPs to calculate their fraud rates for the application of the TRA exemption at the level of individual brand, product or scheme. PSPs would then apply the TRA exemption selectively, only to low-risk brands, products or schemes.\n\nThis would incentivize PSPs to promote the use of those brands, products and schemes with lower fraud levels.\n\n***\n\n### Answer\n\nNo. In accordance with Article 19(1) of the Delegated Regulation (EU) 2018/389, the fraud rate should be calculated at the level of remote electronic card-based payments or remote electronic credit transfers and not split further into other categories or subcategories for the purpose of the calculation.\n\nThe calculation should be at payment service provider (legal entity) level.\n\nThis does not affect the ability of a Payment Service Provider to choose to apply the TRA exemption only at the level of specific low-risk brands, products and schemes, albeit based on the fraud level at the legal entity level as per the above, to promote the use of such brands, products and schemes with a lower fraud level, as the application of an exemption is not mandatory.\n\n***\n\n**Source:** [EBA original document](https://www.eba.europa.eu/single-rule-book-qa/qna/view/publicId/2018_4033)\n\n## Related Level 1 articles\n\n- [Article 97 — Authentication](../../../articles/97.md)\n"}