{"release":{"id":"2d86bd12ba77a288053b34ea2517324b92d03c8039b7f5d156fa4002421384a1","published":"2026-11-10T16:06:46Z","pinned":false},"limits":{"coverage":{"history":"full","held_since":"2015-12-23","gaps":[],"covered":["PSD2 L1"],"not_covered":["national guidance","court decisions"]},"freshness":{"release_id":"2d86bd12ba77a288053b34ea2517324b92d03c8039b7f5d156fa4002421384a1","release_published":"2026-11-10T16:06:46Z","checked_at":"2026-11-09","checked_against":"EUR-Lex"},"truncation":null,"failures":[],"incomplete":[]},"page":{"path":"/psd2/articles/31","url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/psd2/articles/31","title":"Article 31 — Reasons and communication","family":"l1_generated","work_id":"psd2","status":"in_force","force_status":"in_force","date_state":"current","requested_date":null,"as_of":"2026-11-11","applies_from":null,"application":null,"version_label":"Consolidated version of 23 December 2015","check":{"against":"EUR-Lex","on":"2026-11-09"},"check_result":"matched","official_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02015L2366-20250117","valid_from":"2015-12-23","valid_until":null,"revision":1,"content_id":"201c1a2ff3767c27","change_date":null,"nearest_versions":["2015-12-23"],"first_text_date":"2015-11-25","correction_applies":false,"versions":["2015-12-23"],"version_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/psd2/articles/31/versions/2015-12-23","revision_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/psd2/articles/31/versions/2015-12-23/rev/201c1a2ff3767c27","versions_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/psd2/articles/31/versions","relations_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/psd2/articles/31/relations","source_line":null,"attribution":null},"provenance":{"official_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02015L2366-20250117","check":{"result":"matched","checked_at":"2026-11-09","against":"EUR-Lex"},"repo_path":null,"body_sha256":"a41196ee4ca267cd8968620669388a0ee206a63c8b7db5d8efdb4482f9c88e91","markdown_sha256":"b34d4807dce5edfcb5654ceb3343da2811718ef724a8df85d8962eada9fdd63a"},"units":[{"locator":"psd2/art/31","kind":"article","status":"in_force","label":null,"heading":"Reasons and communication","text":"","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855","reason":null},{"locator":"psd2/art/31/para/1","kind":"paragraph","status":"in_force","label":"1.","heading":null,"text":"Any measure taken by the competent authorities pursuant to Article 23, 28, 29 or 30 involving penalties or restrictions on the exercise of the freedom to provide services or the freedom of establishment shall be properly justified and communicated to the payment institution concerned.","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"64ba5a2739a4bde65cc34c6521562e17c3cb67df0c51a9289ddcd6f1e98565bd","reason":null},{"locator":"psd2/art/31/para/2","kind":"paragraph","status":"in_force","label":"2.","heading":null,"text":"Articles 28, 29 and 30 shall be without prejudice to the obligation of competent authorities under Directive (EU) 2015/849 and Regulation (EU) 2015/847, in particular under Article 48(1) of Directive (EU) 2015/849 and Article 22(1) of Regulation (EU) 2015/847, to supervise or monitor the compliance with the requirements laid down in those instruments.","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"cbadb973e7df08e1535dd562779ee90161d6d24aebb0fc58a038589e7fab1fd9","reason":null}],"markdown":"*In force · Consolidated version of 17 January 2025 · Verified 9 Nov 2026 · [Official source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02015L2366-20250117)*\n\n1. <a id=\"p-1\"></a>Any measure taken by the competent authorities pursuant to [Article 23](23.md), [28](28.md), [29](29.md) or [30](30.md) involving penalties or restrictions on the exercise of the freedom to provide services or the freedom of establishment shall be properly justified and communicated to the payment institution concerned.\n2. <a id=\"p-2\"></a>[Articles 28](28.md), [29](29.md) and [30](30.md) shall be without prejudice to the obligation of competent authorities under Directive (EU) 2015/849 and Regulation (EU) 2015/847, in particular under Article 48(1) of Directive (EU) 2015/849 and Article 22(1) of Regulation (EU) 2015/847, to supervise or monitor the compliance with the requirements laid down in those instruments.\n\n***\n\n[Title II — Payment service providers](../titles/ii.md) · [← Article 30](30.md) · [Article 32 →](32.md)\n"}