{"release":{"id":"a4f2a0495fe55b47323883f82977a9b34ab66171ec9623e39925d3a7045b6c81","published":"2026-11-01T16:41:30Z","pinned":false},"limits":{"coverage":{"history":"full","held_since":"2022-12-27","gaps":[],"covered":["NIS2 L1"],"not_covered":["national guidance","court decisions"]},"freshness":{"release_id":"a4f2a0495fe55b47323883f82977a9b34ab66171ec9623e39925d3a7045b6c81","release_published":"2026-11-01T16:41:30Z","checked_at":"2026-11-01","checked_against":"EUR-Lex"},"truncation":null,"failures":[],"incomplete":[]},"page":{"path":"/nis2/recitals/104","url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/nis2/recitals/104","title":"Recital 104","family":"l1_recital_view","work_id":"nis2","view_of":"/nis2/recitals","status":"in_force","force_status":"in_force","date_state":"current","requested_date":null,"as_of":"2026-11-02","applies_from":null,"application":null,"version_label":"Directive (EU) 2022/2555, OJ L 333, 27.12.2022","check":{"against":"EUR-Lex","on":"2026-11-01"},"check_result":"matched","official_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022L2555","valid_from":"2022-12-27","valid_until":null,"content_id":"6a175617762b255d","versions":["2022-12-27"],"version_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/nis2/recitals/104/versions/2022-12-27","revision_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/nis2/recitals/104/versions/2022-12-27/rev/6a175617762b255d","versions_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/nis2/recitals/104/versions","relations_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/nis2/recitals/104/relations","act_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/nis2/recitals","source_line":null,"attribution":null,"context":{"act":{"work_id":"nis2","path":"/nis2/recitals","name":"NIS2","number":"Directive (EU) 2022/2555","celex":"32022L2555","title_official":null,"document_date":null},"position":{"kind":"recital","key":"104","index":104,"articles":144,"annexes":0},"prev":{"path":"/nis2/recitals/103","key":"103","title":"Recital 103"},"next":{"path":"/nis2/recitals/105","key":"105","title":"Recital 105"},"act_anchor":""}},"provenance":{"official_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022L2555","check":{"result":"matched","checked_at":"2026-11-01","against":"EUR-Lex"},"repo_path":"spaces/nis2/recitals.md","unit_text_sha256":"6f8c3f1935b39aca58dd44a1cd44bf82704d6cf23ae42b5220149f303f6aab8d","note":"the unit is a byte-exact part of the act page, whose check record covers it"},"unit":{"locator":"nis2/recitals/rec/104","kind":"recital","key":"104","heading":"","text":"Providers of public electronic communications networks or of publicly available electronic communications services should implement security by design and by default, and inform their service recipients of significant cyber threats and of measures they can take to protect the security of their devices and communications, for example by using specific types of software or encryption technologies.","marks":[],"text_hash":"6f8c3f1935b39aca58dd44a1cd44bf82704d6cf23ae42b5220149f303f6aab8d","revision":1,"blocks":[{"locator":"nis2/recitals/rec/104/block/1","text_hash":"6f8c3f1935b39aca58dd44a1cd44bf82704d6cf23ae42b5220149f303f6aab8d","revision":1}]}}