--- title: "ESMA Q&A 2436 — Q&A — Legal qualification of Financial Transmission Rights [Answer Published]" shortTitle: "ESMA Q&A 2436 — Q&A — Legal qualification of Financial Transmission Rights [Answer Published]" answer_id: ESMA_QA_2436 topic: "Non-equity transparency" status: "Answer Published" type: qa instrument_type: qa authority: ESMA binding: false binding_character: non_binding legal_status: in_force regulation: "MiFID II" mifid_level3: true mica_level2: false legal_basis: "MiFID II" date: 12 February 2025 source_link: https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-data/questions-answers/2436 lifecycle: "Answer Published" text_version: "ESMA Q&A register, 12 February 2025" source_url: "https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-data/questions-answers/2436" check_status: matched verified: true last_checked: 2026-10-26 checked_against: "the ESMA publication" source: prepared_by: "ESMA" published_by: "ESMA" published_in: "ESMA Q&A tool" evidence: prepared_by: "ESMA Answer" locator: "ESMA Q&A entry ESMA_QA_2436: field 'ESMA Answer', no 'Answer provided by' line" document_type: "qa_answer" legal_nature: "not_legislation" addressees: "not stated in the document" dates: published_on: "2026-05-26" question_submitted_on: "2025-02-12" locators: published_on: "ESMA Q&A Excel export ESMA_QA_2436, column 'Esma responses', date line" question_submitted_on: "ESMA Q&A Excel export ESMA_QA_2436, column 'Date of submission'" lifecycle_label: "Answer Published" --- **Answer by ESMA, published in its Q&A tool · not legislation · published 26 May 2026 [Answer Published]** *Answer Published · ESMA Q&A register, 12 February 2025 · Checked against the ESMA publication on 26 Oct 2026 · [Official source](https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-data/questions-answers/2436)* | | | |---|---| | **Full title** | ESMA Q&A 2436 — Q&A — Legal qualification of Financial Transmission Rights \[Answer Published\] | | **Prepared by** | ESMA | | **Published by** | ESMA, in the ESMA Q&A tool | | **Reference** | ESMA_QA_2436 | | **Document type** | Q&A | | **Legal nature** | Not legislation | | **Addressees** | Not stated in the document | | **Dates** | Published 26 May 2026; question submitted 12 February 2025 | | **Legal basis** | MiFID II | | **Related instruments** | None recorded | | **Text on this page** | Word for word — the full text of the ESMA publication | **Legal qualification of Financial Transmission Rights under MiFID II** ### Question Do Financial Transmission Rights referred to in the Forward Capacity Allocation Regulation (Commission Regulation 2016/1719) qualify as financial instruments under Annex I, Section C of MiFID II (Directive 2014/65/EU)? *** ### Answer Transmission System Operators (TSO) are persons responsible for operating energy transmission systems. To cover risks related to price fluctuations between different geographical areas, TSOs notably conclude Financial Transmission Rights (FTRs) that are contracts whose payoff, for the beneficiary, corresponds to the price difference between two price zones. Article 2(1), point (n), of Directive (EU) 2014/65 (‘MiFID’) provides that MiFID does not apply to TSOs when they carry out tasks relating to the operation of energy transmission systems under Union legislation. However, according to that provision, MiFID applies with regards to the operation of a secondary market, including a platform for secondary trading in FTR. MiFID applies to the provision of investment services and activities which are defined in Article 4(1)(2) of MiFID as any of the services and activities listed in Section A of Annex I relating to any of the instruments listed in Section C of Annex I. For MiFID to meaningfully apply to secondary trading in FTRs, as provided for in its Article 2(1), point (n) of the Directive, FTRs are therefore to be considered as financial instruments. This is consistent with the conditions under Article 8 of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/565, read in conjunction with Article 7(3) of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/565, which makes a reference to the fact that FTRs are to be considered to be C(10) financial instruments in the secondary market, including when traded outside a trading venue. Conversely, Article 8(c) of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/565 excludes from the scope of C(10) financial instruments FTRs in the primary market, when entered into with or by a TSO The answer clarify provisions already contained in the applicable legislation. This do not extend in any way the rights and obligations deriving from such legislation nor does it introduce any additional requirements for the concerned operators and competent 2 authorities. The answer is merely intended to assist natural or legal persons, including competent authorities and Union institutions and bodies in clarifying the application or implementation of the relevant legal provisions. Only the Court of Justice of the European Union is competent to authoritatively interpret Union law. The views expressed in the internal Commission Decision cannot prejudge the position that the European Commission might take before the Union and national courts. *** **Source:** [ESMA original document](https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-data/questions-answers/2436)