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---
title: "Recital 45"
type: regulation
legal_status: in_force
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R1114
shortTitle: "Recital 45"
instrument_type: level1_regulation
authority: Commission
binding: true
binding_character: binding
mica_level2: false
legal_basis: Regulation (EU) 2023/1114
instrument: mica
celex: 32023R1114
text_version: "Regulation (EU) 2023/1114, OJ L 150, 9.6.2023"
source_url: "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1114/oj/eng"
check_status: matched
verified: true
last_checked: 2026-11-09
---

*In force · Regulation (EU) 2023/1114, OJ L 150, 9.6.2023 · Verified 9 Nov 2026 · [Official source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1114/oj/eng)*

A competent authority should refuse authorisation on objective and demonstrable grounds, including where the business model of the [applicant issuer](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/mica/applicant-issuer) of asset-referenced tokens might pose a serious threat to market integrity, financial stability or the smooth operation of payment systems. The competent authority should consult EBA, ESMA, the ECB and, where the issuer is established in a Member State whose official currency is not the euro or where an official currency of a Member State that is not the euro is referenced by the asset-referenced token, the central bank of that Member State before granting or refusing an authorisation. Non-binding opinions of EBA and ESMA should address the classification of the crypto-asset, while the ECB and, where applicable, the central bank of the Member State concerned should provide the competent authority with an opinion on the risks to financial stability, the smooth operation of payment systems, monetary policy transmission or monetary sovereignty. The competent authorities should refuse authorisation in cases where the ECB or the central bank of a Member State gives a negative opinion on the grounds of a risk posed to the smooth operation of payment systems, monetary policy transmission, or monetary sovereignty. Where authorisation is granted to an applicant issuer of asset-referenced tokens, the crypto-asset white paper drawn up by that issuer should also be deemed approved. The authorisation by the competent authority should be valid throughout the Union and should allow the issuer of asset-referenced tokens to offer those crypto-assets on the internal market and to seek an admission to trading. In the same way, the crypto-asset white paper should also be valid for the entire Union, without any possibility for Member States to impose additional requirements.