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# ESMA Q\&A 2933 — Q\&A — Non-EU entities in signing \[Forwarded to EC/Public Consultation/Other]

**Question published in the ESMA Q\&A tool · no answer · not legislation \[Forwarded to EC/Public Consultation/Other]**

*Forwarded to EC/Public Consultation/Other · ESMA Q\&A register, 2 October 2026 · Checked against the ESMA publication on 20 Oct 2026 ·* [*Official source*](https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-data/questions-answers/2933)

|                         |                                                                                                             |
| ----------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **Full title**          | ESMA Q\&A 2933 — Q\&A — Non-EU entities in signing \[Forwarded to EC/Public Consultation/Other]             |
| **Prepared by**         | Not stated in the document                                                                                  |
| **Published by**        | ESMA, in the ESMA Q\&A tool                                                                                 |
| **Reference**           | ESMA\_QA\_2933                                                                                              |
| **Document type**       | Q\&A                                                                                                        |
| **Legal nature**        | No answer · not legislation                                                                                 |
| **Addressees**          | Not stated in the document                                                                                  |
| **Dates**               | Question submitted 2 October 2026                                                                           |
| **Legal basis**         | MiCA Article 3(1), points (15) and (17); MiCA Articles 59, 70, 72 and 75 (9); ESMA Opinion on broker models |
| **Related instruments** | None recorded                                                                                               |
| **Text on this page**   | Word for word — the full text of the ESMA publication                                                       |

**Technical roles of non-EU group entities in transaction signing and signing policies**

#### Question

1. Can a non-EU (group) entity co-sign transactions without being considered to exercise control over EU client assets or provide custody?
2. Can a non-EU (group) entity alter signing policies without being considered to exercise control over EU client assets or provide custody?

***

**Source:** [ESMA original document](https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-data/questions-answers/2933)

### Related Level 1 articles

* [Article 3 — Definitions](/mica/articles/3.md)
* [Article 59 — Authorisation](/mica/articles/59.md)
* [Article 70 — Safekeeping of clients’ crypto-assets and funds](/mica/articles/70.md)
* [Article 72 — Identification, prevention, management and disclosure of conflicts of interest](/mica/articles/72.md)
* [Article 75 — Providing custody and administration of crypto-assets on behalf of clients](/mica/articles/75.md)