{"release":{"id":"2d86bd12ba77a288053b34ea2517324b92d03c8039b7f5d156fa4002421384a1","published":"2026-11-10T16:06:46Z","pinned":false},"limits":{"coverage":{"history":"full","held_since":"2023-06-09","gaps":[],"covered":["MiCA L1"],"not_covered":["national guidance","court decisions"]},"freshness":{"release_id":"2d86bd12ba77a288053b34ea2517324b92d03c8039b7f5d156fa4002421384a1","release_published":"2026-11-10T16:06:46Z","checked_at":"2026-11-09","checked_against":"EUR-Lex"},"truncation":null,"failures":[],"incomplete":[]},"page":{"path":"/mica/articles/2","url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/mica/articles/2","title":"Article 2 — Scope","family":"l1_hand","work_id":"mica","status":"in_force","force_status":"in_force","date_state":"current","requested_date":null,"as_of":"2026-11-11","applies_from":"2024-12-30","application":{"state":"applicable","next":null,"dates":[{"at":"2023-06-29","note":"Article 149(4)"},{"at":"2024-12-30","note":"Article 149(2)"}]},"version_label":"Consolidated version of 9 January 2024","check":{"against":"EUR-Lex","on":"2026-11-09"},"check_result":"matched","official_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R1114-20240109","valid_from":"2024-01-09","valid_until":null,"revision":1,"content_id":"816eb47a263c5fa1","change_date":null,"nearest_versions":["2023-06-09","2024-01-09"],"first_text_date":"2023-05-31","correction_applies":false,"versions":["2023-06-09","2024-01-09"],"version_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/mica/articles/2/versions/2024-01-09","revision_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/mica/articles/2/versions/2024-01-09/rev/816eb47a263c5fa1","versions_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/mica/articles/2/versions","relations_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/mica/articles/2/relations","source_line":null,"attribution":null},"provenance":{"official_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R1114-20240109","check":{"result":"matched","checked_at":"2026-11-09","against":"EUR-Lex"},"repo_path":null,"body_sha256":"f6b080b505b5f45d6c6011fe81c8b9252f6a6796c54dbe234346d0105e300b8f","markdown_sha256":"9ee8e278eb3adf8d9d06e4da795987eadb9555a42cbe60a00151a52c0290d8ca"},"units":[{"locator":"mica/art/2","kind":"article","status":"in_force","label":null,"heading":"Scope","text":"","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855","reason":null},{"locator":"mica/art/2/para/1","kind":"paragraph","status":"in_force","label":"1.","heading":null,"text":"This Regulation applies to natural and legal persons and certain other undertakings that are engaged in the issuance, offer to the public and admission to trading of crypto-assets or that provide services related to crypto-assets in the Union.","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"70bcb0217a3de91ca511bb5a3053410447b6743025a549db5ce4cbc4e6f7301d","reason":null},{"locator":"mica/art/2/para/2","kind":"paragraph","status":"in_force","label":"2.","heading":null,"text":"This Regulation does not apply to:","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"0ff844fe80299be1e35ba1d44af7513dece3ad58de61d62c5275a775fc1a5cc5","reason":null},{"locator":"mica/art/2/para/2/pt/a","kind":"point","status":"in_force","label":"(a)","heading":null,"text":"persons who provide crypto-asset services exclusively for their parent companies, for their own subsidiaries or for other subsidiaries of their parent companies;","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"e62db78416c899ef159597fa2f324d92f81995677dad22039ee297a377a42384","reason":null},{"locator":"mica/art/2/para/2/pt/b","kind":"point","status":"in_force","label":"(b)","heading":null,"text":"a liquidator or an administrator acting in the course of an insolvency procedure, except for the purposes of Article 47;","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"ea6e7f93ee888c9ca85c030858f2aed9ab1d81bf1bbeed443a0ea8649073e50d","reason":null},{"locator":"mica/art/2/para/2/pt/c","kind":"point","status":"in_force","label":"(c)","heading":null,"text":"the ECB, central banks of the Member States when acting in their capacity as monetary authorities, or other public authorities of the Member States;","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"60f64cea29c5c26fad96687b35831fcf4985144e85de7d32b48495aefe50cff4","reason":null},{"locator":"mica/art/2/para/2/pt/d","kind":"point","status":"in_force","label":"(d)","heading":null,"text":"the European Investment Bank and its subsidiaries;","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"ec7811bb7ce68e16a9e0cb9c8fd5bec4d4521e086d89f5fbf51da807897eaa41","reason":null},{"locator":"mica/art/2/para/2/pt/e","kind":"point","status":"in_force","label":"(e)","heading":null,"text":"the European Financial Stability Facility and the European Stability Mechanism;","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"5e2b258aebe5a4437d498831ff9c928d0389e1e63829de6076cdf7e5b4347073","reason":null},{"locator":"mica/art/2/para/2/pt/f","kind":"point","status":"in_force","label":"(f)","heading":null,"text":"public international organisations.","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"235bc89edcf313870a886b83c53b94828c8601c317bcb6b229d144d01b2dd81c","reason":null},{"locator":"mica/art/2/para/3","kind":"paragraph","status":"in_force","label":"3.","heading":null,"text":"This Regulation does not apply to crypto-assets that are unique and not fungible with other crypto-assets.","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"f0e9f40460b83c6a7c988c440ac9bec69419e8b0f42b176b3a5babaeebfdee2d","reason":null},{"locator":"mica/art/2/para/4","kind":"paragraph","status":"in_force","label":"4.","heading":null,"text":"This Regulation does not apply to crypto-assets that qualify as one or more of the following:","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"5a53ff136a60bb991d413ab9fb83847505789a72b2d7f22fe8c6950916049de9","reason":null},{"locator":"mica/art/2/para/4/pt/a","kind":"point","status":"in_force","label":"(a)","heading":null,"text":"financial instruments;","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"a23a075732fda69155fc8ced46e9a38ecf1b25dd3f46bc6ef2212ab0d1f690ba","reason":null},{"locator":"mica/art/2/para/4/pt/b","kind":"point","status":"in_force","label":"(b)","heading":null,"text":"deposits, including structured deposits;","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"ffe83b24b143d62822b4b42879fc1e5c5006cba34e4b5d2e8b00f04750c0180d","reason":null},{"locator":"mica/art/2/para/4/pt/c","kind":"point","status":"in_force","label":"(c)","heading":null,"text":"funds, except if they qualify as e-money tokens;","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"b60da5c8e1c434d325a870935792a748e062a80caa2310daf818c3f93061d59a","reason":null},{"locator":"mica/art/2/para/4/pt/d","kind":"point","status":"in_force","label":"(d)","heading":null,"text":"securitisation positions in the context of a securitisation as defined in Article 2, point (1), of Regulation (EU) 2017/2402;","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"9bba94ac9667f32b3fe4e416997f8133bbe7cfe5aa34287559e4ef58379cde19","reason":null},{"locator":"mica/art/2/para/4/pt/e","kind":"point","status":"in_force","label":"(e)","heading":null,"text":"non-life or life insurance products falling within the classes of insurance listed in Annexes I and II to Directive 2009/138/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council or reinsurance and retrocession contracts referred to in that Directive;","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"6f41fd015a961d58b8d382475d38a0278e6c3d924856ac9fe8e82f339fe78853","reason":null},{"locator":"mica/art/2/para/4/pt/f","kind":"point","status":"in_force","label":"(f)","heading":null,"text":"pension products that, under national law, are recognised as having the primary purpose of providing the investor with an income in retirement and that entitle the investor to certain benefits;","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"5d199cd420db24a954309f42785e21750300e97897f5dcd7b65948d0de54923c","reason":null},{"locator":"mica/art/2/para/4/pt/g","kind":"point","status":"in_force","label":"(g)","heading":null,"text":"officially recognised occupational pension schemes falling within the scope of Directive (EU) 2016/2341 of the European Parliament and of the Council or Directive 2009/138/EC;","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"f3292517544b22bc7a79f76866543236883fadaefec8ab9be6c23c147cc02d06","reason":null},{"locator":"mica/art/2/para/4/pt/h","kind":"point","status":"in_force","label":"(h)","heading":null,"text":"individual pension products for which a financial contribution from the employer is required by national law and where the employer or the employee has no choice as to the pension product or provider;","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"ddb5c36ab585a4868e8150fea0fd80fe2fd853ba9b990796174e8749c10c9b09","reason":null},{"locator":"mica/art/2/para/4/pt/i","kind":"point","status":"in_force","label":"(i)","heading":null,"text":"a pan-European Personal Pension Product as defined in Article 2, point (2), of Regulation (EU) 2019/1238 of the European Parliament and of the Council;","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"4710792124c4562131bdd92d99e617b6d9b6785883715038f563bd854e390a57","reason":null},{"locator":"mica/art/2/para/4/pt/j","kind":"point","status":"in_force","label":"(j)","heading":null,"text":"social security schemes covered by Regulations (EC) No 883/2004 and (EC) No 987/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council.","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"44f60f2558c8f26cf304f2306b7634ced783ca5e445dcf000fd0947378ec2e24","reason":null},{"locator":"mica/art/2/para/5","kind":"paragraph","status":"in_force","label":"5.","heading":null,"text":"By 30 December 2024, ESMA shall, for the purposes of paragraph 4, point (a), of this Article issue guidelines in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 on the conditions and criteria for the qualification of crypto-assets as financial instruments.","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"ed6ae8acc2871ec946df45992f1203f87e62e2c5bf40b9f49159586472970c47","reason":null},{"locator":"mica/art/2/para/6","kind":"paragraph","status":"in_force","label":"6.","heading":null,"text":"This Regulation shall be without prejudice to Regulation (EU) No 1024/2013.","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"5a4e72a263442f6f5b847dbec832c60ffa6ce8bc12214fa6cd507ef593c5e084","reason":null}],"markdown":"*In force · Consolidated version of 9 January 2024 · Verified 9 Nov 2026 · [Official source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R1114-20240109)*\n\n1. <a id=\"p-1\"></a>This Regulation applies to natural and legal persons and certain other undertakings that are engaged in the issuance, [offer to the public](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/mica/offer-to-the-public) and admission to trading of [crypto-assets](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/mica/crypto-asset) or that provide services related to crypto-assets in the Union.\n2. <a id=\"p-2\"></a>This Regulation does not apply to:\n\n    <a id=\"p-2-a\"></a>**(a)** persons who provide [crypto-asset services](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/mica/crypto-asset-service) exclusively for their parent companies, for their own subsidiaries or for other subsidiaries of their parent companies;\n\n    <a id=\"p-2-b\"></a>**(b)** a liquidator or an administrator acting in the course of an insolvency procedure, except for the purposes of [Article 47](47.md);\n\n    <a id=\"p-2-c\"></a>**(c)** the ECB, central banks of the Member States when acting in their capacity as monetary authorities, or other public authorities of the Member States;\n\n    <a id=\"p-2-d\"></a>**(d)** the European Investment Bank and its subsidiaries;\n\n    <a id=\"p-2-e\"></a>**(e)** the European Financial Stability Facility and the European Stability Mechanism;\n\n    <a id=\"p-2-f\"></a>**(f)** public international organisations.\n3. <a id=\"p-3\"></a>This Regulation does not apply to [crypto-assets](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/mica/crypto-asset) that are unique and not fungible with other crypto-assets.\n4. <a id=\"p-4\"></a>This Regulation does not apply to crypto-assets that qualify as one or more of the following:\n\n    <a id=\"p-4-a\"></a>**(a)** [financial instruments](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/mica/financial-instrument);\n\n    <a id=\"p-4-b\"></a>**(b)** [deposits](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/mica/deposit), including [structured deposits](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/mica/structured-deposit);\n\n    <a id=\"p-4-c\"></a>**(c)** [funds](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/mica/funds), except if they qualify as [e-money tokens](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/mica/electronic-money-token);\n\n    <a id=\"p-4-d\"></a>**(d)** securitisation positions in the context of a securitisation as defined in Article 2, point (1), of [Regulation (EU) 2017/2402](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02017R2402-20210409);\n\n    <a id=\"p-4-e\"></a>**(e)** non-life or life insurance products falling within the classes of insurance listed in Annexes I and II to [Directive 2009/138/EC](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02009L0138-20250117) of the European Parliament and of the Council or reinsurance and retrocession contracts referred to in that Directive;\n\n    <a id=\"p-4-f\"></a>**(f)** pension products that, under national law, are recognised as having the primary purpose of providing the investor with an income in retirement and that entitle the investor to certain benefits;\n\n    <a id=\"p-4-g\"></a>**(g)** officially recognised occupational pension schemes falling within the scope of [Directive (EU) 2016/2341](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02016L2341-20250117) of the European Parliament and of the Council or [Directive 2009/138/EC](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02009L0138-20250117);\n\n    <a id=\"p-4-h\"></a>**(h)** individual pension products for which a financial contribution from the employer is required by national law and where the employer or the employee has no choice as to the pension product or provider;\n\n    <a id=\"p-4-i\"></a>**(i)** a pan-European Personal Pension Product as defined in Article 2, point (2), of [Regulation (EU) 2019/1238](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02019R1238-20240109) of the European Parliament and of the Council;\n\n    <a id=\"p-4-j\"></a>**(j)** social security schemes covered by [Regulations (EC) No 883/2004](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02004R0883-20190731) and [(EC) No 987/2009](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02009R0987-20180101) of the European Parliament and of the Council.\n5. <a id=\"p-5\"></a>By 30 December 2024, ESMA shall, for the purposes of paragraph 4, point (a), of this Article issue [guidelines](../level-3/guidelines/final-report-on-the-guidelines-on-the-conditions-and-criteria-for-the-qualification-of-crypto-assets.md) in accordance with Article 16 of [Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02010R1095-20241230) on the conditions and criteria for the qualification of crypto-assets as [financial instruments](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/mica/financial-instrument).\n6. <a id=\"p-6\"></a>This Regulation shall be without prejudice to [Regulation (EU) No 1024/2013](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2013/1024/oj/eng).\n\n***\n\n### Related\n\n* [offer to the public](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/mica/offer-to-the-public) — definition used in this article\n* [crypto-asset](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/mica/crypto-asset) — definition used in this article\n* [deposit](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/mica/deposit) — definition used in this article\n* [funds](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/mica/funds) — definition used in this article\n\n## Related Level 2 and Level 3\n\n### Guidance and Q&A\n\n- [ESMA Q&A 2364 — Q&A — Applicability of DORA and TFR Requirements to VASPs \\[Answer Published\\]](../level-3/q-and-a/esma/esma-qa-2364-applicability-dora-tfr-requirements-vasps-not-classified.md)\n- [ESMA75-453128700-1323 — Guideline — Crypto-Asset Financial Instruments \\[final\\]](../level-3/guidelines/final-report-on-the-guidelines-on-the-conditions-and-criteria-for-the-qualification-of-crypto-assets.md)\n\n***\n\n[Title I — Subject matter, scope and definitions](../titles/i.md) · [← Article 1](1.md) · [Article 3 →](3.md)\n"}