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prepared by the European Commission, published in the ESMA Q&A tool · not legislation · published 12 Sep 2024 [Answer Published]","attribution":{"prepared_by":"European Commission","published_by":"ESMA","published_in":"ESMA Q&A tool","document_type":"qa_answer","legal_nature":"not_legislation","addressees":"not stated in the document","dates":{"published_on":"2024-09-12","question_submitted_on":"2023-05-11","locators":{"published_on":"ESMA Q&A Excel export ESMA_QA_901, column 'Esma responses', date line","question_submitted_on":"ESMA Q&A Excel export ESMA_QA_901, column 'Date of submission'"}},"adoption":null}},"provenance":{"official_url":"https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-data/questions-answers/901","check":{"result":"matched","checked_at":"2026-10-26","against":"the ESMA publication"},"repo_path":"spaces/mar/level-3/q-and-a/esma/esma-qa-901-mar-q-a-on-the-application-of-the-trading-volume-limit-in.md","body_sha256":"c4933f1c069e5ba70359e318def4752315d965cfc2639f77df8686b4569abe55"},"units":[],"markdown":"---\ntitle: \"ESMA Q&A 901 — Q&A — MAR Q&A on the application of the trading volume limit [Answer Published]\"\nshortTitle: \"ESMA Q&A 901 — Q&A — MAR Q&A on the application of the trading volume limit [Answer Published]\"\nanswer_id: ESMA_QA_901\ntopic: \"Market manipulation, including buy-back programmes and stabilisations\"\nstatus: \"Answer Published\"\ntype: qa\ninstrument_type: qa\nauthority: ESMA\nbinding: false\nbinding_character: non_binding\nlegal_status: in_force\nregulation: \"MAR\"\nmar_level3: true\nmica_level2: false\nlegal_basis: \"MAR\"\ndate: 11 May 2023\nsource_link: https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-data/questions-answers/901\nlifecycle: \"Answer Published\"\ntext_version: \"ESMA Q&A register, 11 May 2023\"\nsource_url: \"https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-data/questions-answers/901\"\ncheck_status: matched\nverified: true\nlast_checked: 2026-10-26\nchecked_against: \"the ESMA publication\"\nsource:\n  prepared_by: \"European Commission\"\n  published_by: \"ESMA\"\n  published_in: \"ESMA Q&A tool\"\n  evidence:\n    prepared_by: \"Answer provided by the European Commission\"\n    locator: \"ESMA Q&A entry ESMA_QA_901, first line of the answer field\"\ndocument_type: \"qa_answer\"\nlegal_nature: \"not_legislation\"\naddressees: \"not stated in the document\"\ndates:\n  published_on: \"2024-09-12\"\n  question_submitted_on: \"2023-05-11\"\n  locators:\n    published_on: \"ESMA Q&A Excel export ESMA_QA_901, column 'Esma responses', date line\"\n    question_submitted_on: \"ESMA Q&A Excel export ESMA_QA_901, column 'Date of submission'\"\nlifecycle_label: \"Answer Published\"\n---\n\n**Answer prepared by the European Commission, published in the ESMA Q&A tool · not legislation · published 12 Sep 2024 [Answer Published]**\n\n*Answer Published · ESMA Q&A register, 11 May 2023 · Checked against the ESMA publication on 26 Oct 2026 · [Official source](https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-data/questions-answers/901)*\n\n| | |\n|---|---|\n| **Full title** | ESMA Q&A 901 — Q&A — MAR Q&A on the application of the trading volume limit \\[Answer Published\\] |\n| **Prepared by** | European Commission |\n| **Published by** | ESMA, in the ESMA Q&A tool |\n| **Reference** | ESMA_QA_901 |\n| **Document type** | Q&A |\n| **Legal nature** | Not legislation |\n| **Addressees** | Not stated in the document |\n| **Dates** | Published 12 September 2024; question submitted 11 May 2023 |\n| **Legal basis** | MAR |\n| **Related instruments** | None recorded |\n| **Text on this page** | Word for word — the full text of the ESMA publication |\n\n**MAR Q&A on the application of the trading volume limit in the context of buy-back programmes**\n\n### Question\n\nIn the context of buy-back programmes under Article 5(1) of MAR, which transactions should be included in the average daily volume for the purpose of the calculation of the 25% limit foreseen in Article 3(3) of CDR 2016/1052? Should that include the total volume traded on-venue or should transactions executed under a pre-trade transparency waiver be excluded?\n\n***\n\n### Answer\n\nAnswer provided by the European Commission in accordance with Article 16b(5) of the ESMA Regulation\n\nRecital 4 of Commission Delegated Regulation (CDR) 2016/1052 clarifies that negotiated transactions that do not contribute to price formation, can be used for the purpose of a buy-back programme and should benefit from the exemption subject to compliance with the relevant conditions, notably the conditions regarding the purchase price and the permissible daily volume limit.\n\nHowever, the CDR 2016/1052 does not provide clarification whether negotiated transactions should be included in the calculation of the average daily volume of the shares on the trading venue indicated in Article 3(3) CDR. Including transactions executed under a pre-trade transparency waiver, such as Large-in-Scale trades might represent a significant proportion of the trading activity and would lead to high average daily volumes. Therefore, their inclusion could dilute the effectiveness of the 25% limit, which could weaken the objective of the provision which is to prevent market abuse.\n\nConsidering the exceptional nature of exemption, the calculation of the average daily volume should be strictly interpreted (i.e. the denominator of the ratio) and include only the volumes which are not executed under a pre-trade transparency waiver. Such approach is also consistent with the spirit of the condition relating to the purchase price, which according to Article 3(2), only takes into account independent trades and purchases and which disregards negotiated transactions.\n\nIn line with the overall MAR objectives “to preserve market integrity” (recital 4 MAR) and therefore to prevent that the price is manipulated through a high volume of buy-back transactions in the order book, it is thus appropriate to exclude in the average daily volume those transactions that are executed under a pre-trade transparency waiver.\n\nDisclaimer:\n\nThe answers clarify provisions already contained in the applicable legislation. They do not extend in any way the rights and obligations deriving from such legislation nor do they introduce any additional requirements for the concerned operators and competent authorities. The answers are merely intended to assist natural or legal persons, including competent authorities and Union institutions and bodies in clarifying the application or implementation of the relevant legal provisions. Only the Court of Justice of the European Union is competent to authoritatively interpret Union law. The views expressed in the internal Commission Decision cannot prejudge the position that the European Commission might take before the Union and national courts.\n\n***\n\n**Source:** [ESMA original document](https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-data/questions-answers/901)\n"}