{"release":{"id":"a4f2a0495fe55b47323883f82977a9b34ab66171ec9623e39925d3a7045b6c81","published":"2026-11-01T16:41:30Z","pinned":false},"limits":{"coverage":{"history":"full","held_since":"2016-05-04","gaps":[],"covered":["GDPR L1"],"not_covered":["national guidance","court decisions"]},"freshness":{"release_id":"a4f2a0495fe55b47323883f82977a9b34ab66171ec9623e39925d3a7045b6c81","release_published":"2026-11-01T16:41:30Z","checked_at":"2026-10-26","checked_against":"EUR-Lex"},"truncation":null,"failures":[],"incomplete":[]},"page":{"path":"/gdpr/articles/78","url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/gdpr/articles/78","title":"Article 78 — Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority","family":"l1_generated","work_id":"gdpr","status":"in_force","force_status":"in_force","date_state":"current","requested_date":null,"as_of":"2026-11-02","applies_from":"2018-05-25","application":{"state":"applicable","next":null,"dates":[{"at":"2018-05-25","note":"Article 99(2)"}]},"version_label":"Consolidated version of 4 May 2016","check":{"against":"EUR-Lex","on":"2026-10-26"},"check_result":"matched","official_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02016R0679-20160504","valid_from":"2016-05-04","valid_until":"2018-05-25","revision":1,"content_id":"6d24e8933c805a8b","change_date":null,"nearest_versions":["2016-05-04"],"first_text_date":"2016-04-27","correction_applies":false,"versions":["2016-05-04"],"version_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/gdpr/articles/78/versions/2016-05-04","revision_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/gdpr/articles/78/versions/2016-05-04/rev/6d24e8933c805a8b","versions_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/gdpr/articles/78/versions","relations_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/gdpr/articles/78/relations","source_line":null,"attribution":null},"provenance":{"official_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02016R0679-20160504","check":{"result":"matched","checked_at":"2026-10-26","against":"EUR-Lex"},"repo_path":"spaces/gdpr/articles/78.md","body_sha256":"4c2840ef3f963509f78cc8cf039994c4fa382a20e23669bc4a0b50e9edf8998e"},"units":[{"locator":"gdpr/art/78","kind":"article","status":"in_force","label":null,"heading":"Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority","text":"","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855","reason":null},{"locator":"gdpr/art/78/para/1","kind":"paragraph","status":"in_force","label":"1.","heading":null,"text":"Without prejudice to any other administrative or non-judicial remedy, each natural or legal person shall have the right to an effective judicial remedy against a legally binding decision of a supervisory authority concerning them.","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"8b21885dfa324710fb31a9bd7a41eba24bae2e63d367db2b592ffd6450ff4e01","reason":null},{"locator":"gdpr/art/78/para/2","kind":"paragraph","status":"in_force","label":"2.","heading":null,"text":"Without prejudice to any other administrative or non-judicial remedy, each data subject shall have the right to a an effective judicial remedy where the supervisory authority which is competent pursuant to Articles 55 and 56 does not handle a complaint or does not inform the data subject within three months on the progress or outcome of the complaint lodged pursuant to Article 77.","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"960314fe11ada8222329702efa4265883da6a50e40a39b420720b76dd242d17b","reason":null},{"locator":"gdpr/art/78/para/3","kind":"paragraph","status":"in_force","label":"3.","heading":null,"text":"Proceedings against a supervisory authority shall be brought before the courts of the Member State where the supervisory authority is established.","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"71b7ad37df854b24fac861d026c7e62b8e43cf95f7c2cdcc153d6ba63942f168","reason":null},{"locator":"gdpr/art/78/para/4","kind":"paragraph","status":"in_force","label":"4.","heading":null,"text":"Where proceedings are brought against a decision of a supervisory authority which was preceded by an opinion or a decision of the Board in the consistency mechanism, the supervisory authority shall forward that opinion or decision to the court.","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"36cbbfd4b10cfc004cd5fa5820fcccaf1817d1f2e257267225b8331837c4d55b","reason":null}],"markdown":"---\ntitle: \"Article 78 — Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority\"\ntype: regulation\nlegal_status: in_force\nsource: \"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02016R0679-20160504\"\nsource_retrieved: 2026-09-28\nshortTitle: \"Article 78 — Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority\"\ninstrument_type: level1_regulation\nauthority: Commission\nbinding: true\nbinding_character: binding\nmica_level2: false\nlegal_basis: \"Regulation (EU) 2016/679\"\ninstrument: gdpr\ncelex: \"32016R0679\"\nregulation: GDPR\nregulation-full: \"Regulation (EU) 2016/679\"\narticle: 78\nstatus: in_force\nobject_id: eu.gdpr.legal_text.article.78\ntext_version: \"Consolidated version of 4 May 2016\"\nsource_url: \"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02016R0679-20160504\"\ncheck_status: matched\nverified: true\nlast_checked: 2026-10-26\n---\n\n*In force · Consolidated version of 4 May 2016 · Checked against EUR-Lex on 26 Oct 2026 · [Official source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02016R0679-20160504)*\n\n1. <a id=\"p-1\"></a>Without prejudice to any other administrative or non-judicial remedy, each natural or legal person shall have the right to an effective judicial remedy against a legally binding decision of a [supervisory authority](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/gdpr/supervisory-authority) concerning them.\n2. <a id=\"p-2\"></a>Without prejudice to any other administrative or non-judicial remedy, each data subject shall have the right to a an effective judicial remedy where the supervisory authority which is competent pursuant to [Articles 55](55.md) and [56](56.md) does not handle a complaint or does not inform the data subject within three months on the progress or outcome of the complaint lodged pursuant to [Article 77](77.md).\n3. <a id=\"p-3\"></a>Proceedings against a supervisory authority shall be brought before the courts of the Member State where the supervisory authority is established.\n4. <a id=\"p-4\"></a>Where proceedings are brought against a decision of a supervisory authority which was preceded by an opinion or a decision of the Board in the consistency mechanism, the supervisory authority shall forward that opinion or decision to the court.\n\n***\n\n[Chapter VIII — Remedies, liability and penalties](../chapters/viii.md) · [← Article 77](77.md) · [Article 79 →](79.md)\n"}