{"release":{"id":"a4f2a0495fe55b47323883f82977a9b34ab66171ec9623e39925d3a7045b6c81","published":"2026-11-01T16:41:30Z","pinned":false},"limits":{"coverage":{"history":"full","held_since":"2016-05-04","gaps":[],"covered":["GDPR L1"],"not_covered":["national guidance","court decisions"]},"freshness":{"release_id":"a4f2a0495fe55b47323883f82977a9b34ab66171ec9623e39925d3a7045b6c81","release_published":"2026-11-01T16:41:30Z","checked_at":null,"checked_against":null},"truncation":{"shown":9,"total":9,"capped":false,"cap":1000,"next_cursor":null},"failures":[],"incomplete":[]},"page":{"path":"/gdpr/articles/45","url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/gdpr/articles/45","title":"Article 45 — Transfers on the basis of an adequacy decision","work_id":"gdpr","date_state":"past","as_of":"2018-05-25","relations_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/gdpr/articles/45/relations"},"as_of":"2018-05-25","counts":{"refers_to:out":5,"refers_to:in":4},"relations":[{"edge_id":"5b7559790e2a5a49865d","scope":"unit","type":"refers_to","direction":"out","resolution":"resolved","basis":"explicit_legal_cross_reference","method":"extracted_relationships","confidence":"medium","src_from":"2016-05-04","src_until":null,"span":"Article 93(2)","dst_raw":"eu.gdpr.article.93","other":{"work_id":"gdpr","level":"L1","locator":"gdpr/art/93","url":"/gdpr/articles/93","title":"Committee procedure","key":"93","state_on_date":"in_force"},"evidence":{"object":"eu.gdpr.legal_text.article.45","source_block_id":"eu.gdpr.article.45.paragraph.5"}},{"edge_id":"61f86a37c187822fa663","scope":"unit","type":"refers_to","direction":"out","resolution":"resolved","basis":"explicit_legal_cross_reference","method":"extracted_relationships","confidence":"medium","src_from":"2016-05-04","src_until":null,"span":"Article 93(3)","dst_raw":"eu.gdpr.article.93","other":{"work_id":"gdpr","level":"L1","locator":"gdpr/art/93","url":"/gdpr/articles/93","title":"Committee procedure","key":"93","state_on_date":"in_force"},"evidence":{"object":"eu.gdpr.legal_text.article.45","source_block_id":"eu.gdpr.article.45.paragraph.5"}},{"edge_id":"320272a4fd603ebb084d","scope":"unit","type":"refers_to","direction":"out","resolution":"external","basis":"explicit_legal_cross_reference","method":"extracted_relationships","confidence":"medium","src_from":"2016-05-04","src_until":null,"span":"Article 25(6)","dst_raw":"Directive 95/46/EC","other":null,"evidence":{"object":"eu.gdpr.legal_text.article.45","source_block_id":"eu.gdpr.article.45.paragraph.4","target_act":"Directive 95/46/EC","target_celex":"31995L0046"}},{"edge_id":"64b4fc2ae162fd522552","scope":"unit","type":"refers_to","direction":"out","resolution":"external","basis":"explicit_legal_cross_reference","method":"extracted_relationships","confidence":"medium","src_from":"2016-05-04","src_until":null,"span":"Article 25(6)","dst_raw":"Directive 95/46/EC","other":null,"evidence":{"object":"eu.gdpr.legal_text.article.45","source_block_id":"eu.gdpr.article.45.paragraph.9","target_act":"Directive 95/46/EC","target_celex":"31995L0046"}},{"edge_id":"b531ecf8195c2354656c","scope":"unit","type":"refers_to","direction":"out","resolution":"resolved","basis":"explicit_legal_cross_reference","method":"extracted_relationships","confidence":"medium","src_from":"2016-05-04","src_until":null,"span":"Article 93(2)","dst_raw":"eu.gdpr.article.93","other":{"work_id":"gdpr","level":"L1","locator":"gdpr/art/93","url":"/gdpr/articles/93","title":"Committee procedure","key":"93","state_on_date":"in_force"},"evidence":{"object":"eu.gdpr.legal_text.article.45","source_block_id":"eu.gdpr.article.45.paragraph.3"}},{"edge_id":"33d46b8064fe447ddd09","scope":"unit","type":"refers_to","direction":"in","resolution":"resolved","basis":"explicit_legal_cross_reference","method":"extracted_relationships","confidence":"medium","src_from":"2016-05-04","src_until":null,"span":"Article 45(3)","dst_raw":"eu.gdpr.article.45","other":{"work_id":"gdpr","level":"L1","locator":"gdpr/art/49/para/1","url":"/gdpr/articles/49#p-1","title":"Derogations for specific situations","key":"49(1)","state_on_date":"in_force"},"evidence":{"object":"eu.gdpr.legal_text.article.49","source_block_id":"eu.gdpr.article.49.paragraph.1"}},{"edge_id":"bf92888d5eeab18ade1c","scope":"unit","type":"refers_to","direction":"in","resolution":"resolved","basis":"explicit_legal_cross_reference","method":"extracted_relationships","confidence":"medium","src_from":"2016-05-04","src_until":null,"span":"Article 45(3)","dst_raw":"eu.gdpr.article.45","other":{"work_id":"gdpr","level":"L1","locator":"gdpr/art/97/para/2/pt/a","url":"/gdpr/articles/97#p-2-a","title":"Commission reports","key":"97(2)(a)","state_on_date":"in_force"},"evidence":{"object":"eu.gdpr.legal_text.article.97","source_block_id":"eu.gdpr.article.97.paragraph.2.point.a"}},{"edge_id":"ca674ecd525293dfc2e8","scope":"unit","type":"refers_to","direction":"in","resolution":"resolved","basis":"explicit_legal_cross_reference","method":"extracted_relationships","confidence":"medium","src_from":"2016-05-04","src_until":null,"span":"Article 45(3)","dst_raw":"eu.gdpr.article.45","other":{"work_id":"gdpr","level":"L1","locator":"gdpr/art/46/para/1","url":"/gdpr/articles/46#p-1","title":"Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards","key":"46(1)","state_on_date":"in_force"},"evidence":{"object":"eu.gdpr.legal_text.article.46","source_block_id":"eu.gdpr.article.46.paragraph.1"}},{"edge_id":"efa1fda1af45b01809d8","scope":"unit","type":"refers_to","direction":"in","resolution":"resolved","basis":"explicit_legal_cross_reference","method":"extracted_relationships","confidence":"medium","src_from":"2016-05-04","src_until":null,"span":"Article 45","dst_raw":"eu.gdpr.article.45","other":{"work_id":"gdpr","level":"L1","locator":"gdpr/art/49/para/1","url":"/gdpr/articles/49#p-1","title":"Derogations for specific situations","key":"49(1)","state_on_date":"in_force"},"evidence":{"object":"eu.gdpr.legal_text.article.49","source_block_id":"eu.gdpr.article.49.paragraph.1"}}],"not_served":["exempts","derogates_from"],"note":"inverse edges are computed from the stored direction; floating targets are resolved on as_of (other.state_on_date)"}