--- title: "Article 22 — Automated individual decision-making, including profiling" type: regulation legal_status: in_force source: "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02016R0679-20160504" source_retrieved: 2026-09-28 shortTitle: "Article 22 — Automated individual decision-making, including profiling" instrument_type: level1_regulation authority: Commission binding: true binding_character: binding mica_level2: false legal_basis: "Regulation (EU) 2016/679" instrument: gdpr celex: "32016R0679" regulation: GDPR regulation-full: "Regulation (EU) 2016/679" article: 22 status: in_force object_id: eu.gdpr.legal_text.article.22 text_version: "Consolidated version of 4 May 2016" source_url: "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02016R0679-20160504" check_status: matched verified: true last_checked: 2026-10-26 --- *In force · Consolidated version of 4 May 2016 · Checked against EUR-Lex on 26 Oct 2026 · [Official source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02016R0679-20160504)* 1. The data subject shall have the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated [processing](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/gdpr/processing), including [profiling](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/gdpr/profiling), which produces legal effects concerning him or her or similarly significantly affects him or her. 2. Paragraph 1 shall not apply if the decision: **(a)** is necessary for entering into, or performance of, a contract between the data subject and a data [controller](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/gdpr/controller); **(b)** is authorised by Union or Member State law to which the controller is subject and which also lays down suitable measures to safeguard the data subject's rights and freedoms and legitimate interests; or **(c)** is based on the data subject's explicit [consent](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/gdpr/consent-of-the-data-subject). 3. In the cases referred to in points (a) and (c) of paragraph 2, the data controller shall implement suitable measures to safeguard the data subject's rights and freedoms and legitimate interests, at least the right to obtain human intervention on the part of the controller, to express his or her point of view and to contest the decision. 4. Decisions referred to in paragraph 2 shall not be based on special categories of personal data referred to in [Article 9(1)](9.md), unless point (a) or (g) of [Article 9(2)](9.md) applies and suitable measures to safeguard the data subject's rights and freedoms and legitimate interests are in place. *** [Chapter III — Rights of the data subject](../chapters/iii.md) · [← Article 21](21.md) · [Article 23 →](23.md)