--- title: "Article 17 — Right to erasure (‘right to be forgotten’)" type: regulation legal_status: in_force source: "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02016R0679-20160504" source_retrieved: 2026-09-28 shortTitle: "Article 17 — Right to erasure (‘right to be forgotten’)" instrument_type: level1_regulation authority: Commission binding: true binding_character: binding mica_level2: false legal_basis: "Regulation (EU) 2016/679" instrument: gdpr celex: "32016R0679" regulation: GDPR regulation-full: "Regulation (EU) 2016/679" article: 17 status: in_force object_id: eu.gdpr.legal_text.article.17 text_version: "Consolidated version of 4 May 2016" source_url: "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02016R0679-20160504" check_status: matched verified: true last_checked: 2026-10-26 --- *In force · Consolidated version of 4 May 2016 · Checked against EUR-Lex on 26 Oct 2026 · [Official source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02016R0679-20160504)* 1. The data subject shall have the right to obtain from the [controller](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/gdpr/controller) the erasure of [personal data](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/gdpr/personal-data) concerning him or her without undue delay and the controller shall have the obligation to erase personal data without undue delay where one of the following grounds applies: **(a)** the personal data are no longer necessary in relation to the purposes for which they were collected or otherwise processed; **(b)** the data subject withdraws [consent](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/gdpr/consent-of-the-data-subject) on which the [processing](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/gdpr/processing) is based according to point (a) of [Article 6(1)](6.md), or point (a) of [Article 9(2)](9.md), and where there is no other legal ground for the processing; **(c)** the data subject objects to the processing pursuant to [Article 21(1)](21.md) and there are no overriding legitimate grounds for the processing, or the data subject objects to the processing pursuant to [Article 21(2)](21.md); **(d)** the personal data have been unlawfully processed; **(e)** the personal data have to be erased for compliance with a legal obligation in Union or Member State law to which the controller is subject; **(f)** the personal data have been collected in relation to the offer of information society services referred to in [Article 8(1)](8.md). 2. Where the controller has made the personal data public and is obliged pursuant to paragraph 1 to erase the personal data, the controller, taking account of available technology and the cost of implementation, shall take reasonable steps, including technical measures, to inform controllers which are processing the personal data that the data subject has requested the erasure by such controllers of any links to, or copy or replication of, those personal data. 3. Paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply to the extent that processing is necessary: **(a)** for exercising the right of freedom of expression and information; **(b)** for compliance with a legal obligation which requires processing by Union or Member State law to which the controller is subject or for the performance of a task carried out in the public interest or in the exercise of official authority vested in the controller; **(c)** for reasons of public interest in the area of public health in accordance with points (h) and (i) of [Article 9(2)](9.md) as well as [Article 9(3)](9.md); **(d)** for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes in accordance with [Article 89(1)](89.md) in so far as the right referred to in paragraph 1 is likely to render impossible or seriously impair the achievement of the objectives of that processing; or **(e)** for the establishment, exercise or defence of legal claims. *** [Chapter III — Rights of the data subject](../chapters/iii.md) · [← Article 16](16.md) · [Article 18 →](18.md)