{"release":{"id":"a4f2a0495fe55b47323883f82977a9b34ab66171ec9623e39925d3a7045b6c81","published":"2026-11-01T16:41:30Z","pinned":false},"limits":{"coverage":{"history":"full","held_since":"2022-10-27","gaps":[],"covered":["DSA L1"],"not_covered":["national guidance","court decisions"]},"freshness":{"release_id":"a4f2a0495fe55b47323883f82977a9b34ab66171ec9623e39925d3a7045b6c81","release_published":"2026-11-01T16:41:30Z","checked_at":"2026-10-26","checked_against":"EUR-Lex"},"truncation":null,"failures":[],"incomplete":[]},"page":{"path":"/dsa/articles/23","url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/dsa/articles/23","title":"Article 23 — Measures and protection against misuse","family":"l1_generated","work_id":"dsa","status":"in_force","force_status":"in_force","date_state":"current","requested_date":null,"as_of":"2026-11-02","applies_from":"2024-02-17","application":{"state":"applicable","next":null,"dates":[{"at":"2024-02-17","note":"Article 93(2)"}]},"version_label":"Regulation (EU) 2022/2065, OJ L 277, 27.10.2022","check":{"against":"EUR-Lex","on":"2026-10-26"},"check_result":"matched","official_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj/eng","valid_from":"2022-10-27","valid_until":"2024-02-17","revision":1,"content_id":"bf5badfc73cb06db","change_date":null,"nearest_versions":["2022-10-27"],"first_text_date":"2022-10-19","correction_applies":false,"versions":["2022-10-27"],"version_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/dsa/articles/23/versions/2022-10-27","revision_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/dsa/articles/23/versions/2022-10-27/rev/bf5badfc73cb06db","versions_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/dsa/articles/23/versions","relations_url":"https://www.headlesslaw.com/dsa/articles/23/relations","source_line":null,"attribution":null},"provenance":{"official_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj/eng","check":{"result":"matched","checked_at":"2026-10-26","against":"EUR-Lex"},"repo_path":"spaces/dsa/articles/23.md","body_sha256":"f93b02f8c59a3a6067aaa503fb578f906934b8bb1728acc0dcb3b491abc627c1"},"units":[{"locator":"dsa/art/23","kind":"article","status":"in_force","label":null,"heading":"Measures and protection against misuse","text":"","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855","reason":null},{"locator":"dsa/art/23/para/1","kind":"paragraph","status":"in_force","label":"1.","heading":null,"text":"Providers of online platforms shall suspend, for a reasonable period of time and after having issued a prior warning, the provision of their services to recipients of the service that frequently provide manifestly illegal content.","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"9274bad418be7290a2fede4d449bdf5ca4b7ecabd7a3061b452974b545b73ccd","reason":null},{"locator":"dsa/art/23/para/2","kind":"paragraph","status":"in_force","label":"2.","heading":null,"text":"Providers of online platforms shall suspend, for a reasonable period of time and after having issued a prior warning, the processing of notices and complaints submitted through the notice and action mechanisms and internal complaints-handling systems referred to in Articles 16 and 20, respectively, by individuals or entities or by complainants that frequently submit notices or complaints that are manifestly unfounded.","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"554136a82fb5338df16c26949d7c80a7808f80d1d27f78c137304f146bc766e9","reason":null},{"locator":"dsa/art/23/para/3","kind":"paragraph","status":"in_force","label":"3.","heading":null,"text":"When deciding on suspension, providers of online platforms shall assess, on a case-by-case basis and in a timely, diligent and objective manner, whether the recipient of the service, the individual, the entity or the complainant engages in the misuse referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2, taking into account all relevant facts and circumstances apparent from the information available to the provider of online platforms. Those circumstances shall include at least the following:","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"32004942323c4ef3595e7af74099f0aff9a1bbe06407ffddc09390a97d5049b2","reason":null},{"locator":"dsa/art/23/para/3/pt/a","kind":"point","status":"in_force","label":"(a)","heading":null,"text":"the absolute numbers of items of manifestly illegal content or manifestly unfounded notices or complaints, submitted within a given time frame;","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"0489e7a2a1b96f3ee8491fe44e5b2db7592f51277348715571ff6f29696eb7b8","reason":null},{"locator":"dsa/art/23/para/3/pt/b","kind":"point","status":"in_force","label":"(b)","heading":null,"text":"the relative proportion thereof in relation to the total number of items of information provided or notices submitted within a given time frame;","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"900074b6fe850085ea041cacbb679976bab1b33aa506d037a11e5483e32f1874","reason":null},{"locator":"dsa/art/23/para/3/pt/c","kind":"point","status":"in_force","label":"(c)","heading":null,"text":"the gravity of the misuses, including the nature of illegal content, and of its consequences;","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"0491cb62d981b46133c6d244de0747e678b88cb9f0a6d3555be94224d18dcce7","reason":null},{"locator":"dsa/art/23/para/3/pt/d","kind":"point","status":"in_force","label":"(d)","heading":null,"text":"where it is possible to identify it, the intention of the recipient of the service, the individual, the entity or the complainant.","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"d624b9363ec31a8e14de822c897d8b152974c4d7757677c44c67a931a0196217","reason":null},{"locator":"dsa/art/23/para/4","kind":"paragraph","status":"in_force","label":"4.","heading":null,"text":"Providers of online platforms shall set out, in a clear and detailed manner, in their terms and conditions their policy in respect of the misuse referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2, and shall give examples of the facts and circumstances that they take into account when assessing whether certain behaviour constitutes misuse and the duration of the suspension.","marks":[],"revision":1,"text_hash":"82778bcf993a86f4b8046aefa2fc5ae8ceb9b9d6784d8e266913b2a08222441d","reason":null}],"markdown":"---\ntitle: \"Article 23 — Measures and protection against misuse\"\ntype: regulation\nlegal_status: in_force\nsource: \"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022R2065\"\nsource_retrieved: 2026-09-29\nshortTitle: \"Article 23 — Measures and protection against misuse\"\ninstrument_type: level1_regulation\nauthority: Commission\nbinding: true\nbinding_character: binding\nmica_level2: false\nlegal_basis: \"Regulation (EU) 2022/2065\"\ninstrument: dsa\ncelex: \"32022R2065\"\nregulation: DSA\nregulation-full: \"Regulation (EU) 2022/2065\"\narticle: 23\nstatus: in_force\nobject_id: eu.dsa.legal_text.article.23\ntext_version: \"Regulation (EU) 2022/2065, OJ L 277, 27.10.2022\"\nsource_url: \"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj/eng\"\ncheck_status: matched\nverified: true\nlast_checked: 2026-10-26\n---\n\n*In force · Regulation (EU) 2022/2065, OJ L 277, 27.10.2022 · Checked against EUR-Lex on 26 Oct 2026 · [Official source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj/eng)*\n\n1. <a id=\"p-1\"></a>Providers of online platforms shall suspend, for a reasonable period of time and after having issued a prior warning, the provision of their services to recipients of the service that frequently provide manifestly [illegal content](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/dsa/illegal-content).\n2. <a id=\"p-2\"></a>Providers of online platforms shall suspend, for a reasonable period of time and after having issued a prior warning, the processing of notices and complaints submitted through the notice and action mechanisms and internal complaints-handling systems referred to in [Articles 16](16.md) and [20](20.md), respectively, by individuals or entities or by complainants that frequently submit notices or complaints that are manifestly unfounded.\n3. <a id=\"p-3\"></a>When deciding on suspension, providers of online platforms shall assess, on a case-by-case basis and in a timely, diligent and objective manner, whether the [recipient of the service](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/dsa/recipient-of-the-service), the individual, the entity or the complainant engages in the misuse referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2, taking into account all relevant facts and circumstances apparent from the information available to the provider of online platforms. Those circumstances shall include at least the following:\n\n    <a id=\"p-3-a\"></a>**(a)** the absolute numbers of items of manifestly illegal content or manifestly unfounded notices or complaints, submitted within a given time frame;\n\n    <a id=\"p-3-b\"></a>**(b)** the relative proportion thereof in relation to the total number of items of information provided or notices submitted within a given time frame;\n\n    <a id=\"p-3-c\"></a>**(c)** the gravity of the misuses, including the nature of illegal content, and of its consequences;\n\n    <a id=\"p-3-d\"></a>**(d)** where it is possible to identify it, the intention of the recipient of the service, the individual, the entity or the complainant.\n4. <a id=\"p-4\"></a>Providers of online platforms shall set out, in a clear and detailed manner, in their [terms and conditions](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/dsa/terms-and-conditions) their policy in respect of the misuse referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2, and shall give examples of the facts and circumstances that they take into account when assessing whether certain behaviour constitutes misuse and the duration of the suspension.\n\n***\n\n[Chapter III — Due diligence obligations for a transparent and safe online environment](../chapters/iii.md) · [← Article 22](22.md) · [Article 24 →](24.md)\n"}