--- title: "Article 12 — Scope of obligations for data holders obliged pursuant to Union law to make data available" type: regulation legal_status: in_force source: "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R2854" source_retrieved: 2026-10-03 shortTitle: "Article 12 — Scope of obligations for data holders obliged pursuant to Union law to make data available" instrument_type: level1_regulation authority: Commission binding: true binding_character: binding mica_level2: false legal_basis: "Regulation (EU) 2023/2854" instrument: dataact celex: "32023R2854" regulation: Data Act regulation-full: "Regulation (EU) 2023/2854" article: 12 status: in_force object_id: eu.dataact.legal_text.article.12 text_version: "Regulation (EU) 2023/2854, OJ L, 2023/2854, 22.12.2023" source_url: "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng" check_status: matched verified: true last_checked: 2026-10-26 --- *In force · Regulation (EU) 2023/2854, OJ L, 2023/2854, 22.12.2023 · Checked against EUR-Lex on 26 Oct 2026 · [Official source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng)* 1. This Chapter shall apply where, in business-to-business relations, a [data holder](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/data-act/data-holder) is obliged under [Article 5](5.md) or under applicable Union law or national legislation adopted in accordance with Union law, to make data available to a [data recipient](https://www.headlesslaw.com/definitions/data-act/data-recipient). 2. A contractual term in a data sharing agreement which, to the detriment of one party, or, where applicable, to the detriment of the user, excludes the application of this Chapter, derogates from it, or varies its effect, shall not be binding on that party. *** [Chapter III — Obligations for data holders obliged by Union law to make data available](../chapters/iii.md) · [← Article 11](11.md) · [Article 13 →](13.md)